hidradenitis
what you need to know about Hidradenitis
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation of the hair follicles and the surrounding skin. It primarily affects areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. The exact cause of HS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, immune system, and inflammatory factors. This guide will provide an in-depth look at HS, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options
What is Hidradenitis?
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic skin condition that involves the inflammation of hair follicles and the surrounding skin. It primarily affects areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. The exact cause of HS is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, immune system, and inflammatory factors.
It typically presents as painful, swollen, and often recurrent lumps or abscesses that can rupture and lead to the formation of tunnels under the skin (sinus tracts). These symptoms can significantly impact a person’s quality of life due to pain, discomfort, and potential scarring.
What are the symptoms?
- Painful lumps: These often occur in areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts.
- Abscesses: These lumps can become infected and filled with pus, leading to painful abscesses.
- Sinus tracts: Over time, these abscesses can lead to the formation of tunnels under the skin.
- Scarring: Recurrent inflammation and infections can cause significant scarring and skin changes.
How is hidradenitis treated?
Treatment for HS varies depending on the severity of the condition and individual patient needs. Here are some common approaches:
Lifestyle Modifications
Hygiene: Maintaining good hygiene can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
Clothing: Wearing loose-fitting clothes can reduce skin friction and irritation.
Weight management: Losing weight can alleviate pressure on affected areas and reduce symptoms.
Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking can improve overall skin health and reduce inflammation.
Topical Treatments
Antibiotic creams: These can reduce bacterial colonization and inflammation in mild cases.
Antiseptic washes: Regular use of antiseptic washes can help keep the skin clean and reduce the risk of infection.
Oral Antibiotics
Tetracycline: Often used for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Doxycycline: Effective in controlling bacterial infections and reducing inflammation.
Clindamycin: Another option for reducing bacterial load and inflammation.
Intralesional Injections
Steroid injections: Injecting steroids directly into the nodules can reduce inflammation and promote healing.
Biologic Therapies
TNF inhibitors: These medications target specific components of the immune system to reduce inflammation and prevent new lesions from forming. They are often used in more severe cases of HS.
Surgery
Drainage: For abscesses, surgical drainage can provide relief.
Wide excision: In advanced or unresponsive cases, removing the affected skin and tissue might be necessary.
Skin grafts and plastic surgery: In extreme cases, reconstructive surgery may be needed to manage extensive tissue damage.
Laser Therapy
NdYag lasers: Can reduce symptoms and promote healing by targeting affected hair follicles and treating using photobiomodulation settings.
CO2 lasers: Another option for managing symptoms and promoting skin regeneration.
Pain Management
Over-the-counter pain relievers: Such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage discomfort.
Prescription pain medications: For more severe pain, stronger medications might be recommended.
Managing Hidradenitis at home
- Painful lumps: These often occur in areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts.
- Abscesses: These lumps can become infected and filled with pus, leading to painful abscesses.
- Sinus tracts: Over time, these abscesses can lead to the formation of tunnels under the skin.
- Scarring: Recurrent inflammation and infections can cause significant scarring and skin changes.